Itúrbide also negotiated with the new viceroy, Juan de O’Donojou, who had just arrived from Spain to replace his predecessor Juan Ruiz de Apodaca: their negotiations resulted in the Treaty of Cordoba on 24 August, which largely incorporated the Plan de Iguala, reaffirmed the independence of the country and ordered that this would be a kingdom whose crown should have been assigned to a Bourbon. On September 27, 1821 Itúrbide returned to Mexico City and the next day established a Council of Regency, to which he associated O’Donojou. But he did not keep his word: on May 19, 1822 he was nominated emperor by a tamed Constituent Assembly and took the name of Agustín I. It was a short-lived empire. At the end of 1822, and even more the following year, military and civilian groups took up arms. In particular, a general came to light: Antonio López de Santa Anna. In February 1823 López de Santa Anna entered into an alliance known as Casa Mata with the other insurgents and in May forced Agustín I to abdicate and leave for exile. In November a new Constituent Assembly proclaimed the Republic, entrusting its helm to the triumvirate made up of Félix Fernández (Guadalupe Victoria), Nicolás Bravo and Celestino Negrete. Itúrbide tried his revenge: in 1824 he landed near Tamaulipas, but was captured; sentenced to death, he was shot on June 19. It should be remembered that while he was ruling as emperor, he had absorbed the Central American provinces (Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica and Nicaragua), which had previously proclaimed their independence from Mexico, but these declared themselves independent as soon as Itúrbide was deposed.. In Mexico City the Constituent Assembly passed the new Constitutional Charter in October 1824: according to ethnicityology, Mexico became a federal republic, with nineteen states with internal autonomy; the legislative power belonged to a bicameral Congress; the Catholic religion remained the only one recognized by the state; every remnant of the Inquisition was abolished. The elections, held at the end of the year, led Félix Fernández to the presidency and Nicolás Bravo to the vice-presidency. The political struggle focused on the disagreement between liberals and conservatives. However, behind the scenes, two other protagonists were acting: the United States and Great Britain. Washington sided with the liberals (called the legislative power belonged to a bicameral Congress; the Catholic religion remained the only one recognized by the state; every remnant of the Inquisition was abolished. The elections, held at the end of the year, led Félix Fernández to the presidency and Nicolás Bravo to the vice-presidency. The political struggle focused on the disagreement between liberals and conservatives. However, behind the scenes, two other protagonists were acting: the United States and Great Britain.
Washington sided with the liberals (called the legislative power belonged to a bicameral Congress; the Catholic religion remained the only one recognized by the state; every remnant of the Inquisition was abolished. The elections, held at the end of the year, led Félix Fernández to the presidency and Nicolás Bravo to the vice-presidency. The political struggle focused on the disagreement between liberals and conservatives. However, behind the scenes, two other protagonists were acting: the United States and Great Britain. Washington sided with the liberals (called The political struggle focused on the disagreement between liberals and conservatives. However, behind the scenes, two other protagonists were acting: the United States and Great Britain. Washington sided with the liberals (called The political struggle focused on the disagreement between liberals and conservatives. However, behind the scenes, two other protagonists were acting: the United States and Great Britain. Washington sided with the liberals (called yorkinos because they adhered to the York Rite Masonic Lodge, supported by the US government); London instead supported conservatives (called escoceses because they adhered to the Scottish Rite Masonic Lodge, supported by the British government). The tip of the balance shifted in favor of the United States, thanks to the skill of the diplomat Joel R. Poinsett. Thus, until 1834, very friendly presidents of Washington alternated, which among other things allowed US colonists to settle in various northern territories, especially in Texas. The reality changed when, precisely in 1834, the reins of the country were taken over by General López de Santa Anna. Caudillo linked to the interests of the landowners of central and southern Mexico, López de Santa Anna abolished the federal system and centralized the powers in the hands of the President of the Republic. In this way, the individual Mexican states lost their internal autonomy. The Texans of American origin did not accept that Constitution: therefore they revolted and on March 2, 1836 proclaimed their independent Republic. López de Santa Anna attacked them. On March 6, after a tight siege, he stormed the Alamo fort; but on 21 April he was defeated on the banks of the San Jacinto. At least temporarily, he had to acknowledge the secession of Texas. The picture changed again in March 1845, when Texas was annexed to the United States. Mexico declared war. The hostilities lasted about two years and ended with the Mexican defeat.
