Latin America is the state of America where Spanish or Portuguese is the official language, i.e. South America except French Guiana, Suriname and Guyana, Central America except Belize, Mexico as well as Cuba, the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean.
The culture of Latin America has a long and rich history, and from the pre-Columbian period a number of building monuments and art objects have been preserved. In addition to articles on the individual countries (especially Mexico and Peru ), these are dealt with under Aztec, Chimú, Native Americans, Inca, Maya, Mesoamerica, moche, nazca, South American Indians and Tiahuanaco.
Latin American
Latin American music is a form of music that evolved in Latin America through meetings between the indigenous, European and African music traditions from the colonial period to the present day. Large regional differences in economic, social and demographic conditions have contributed to the development of countless distinctive forms of music.
History
The many different genres reflect the historical development that took place through colonization, persecution of indigenous peoples and the slave trade. The African music traditions brought by the slaves have had a strong influence on the music of the Caribbean, Central America and Brazil, while the music of the indigenous peoples characterizes the Andean region. European features characterize much of the music in countries that had great immigration, such as Argentina, Mexico and Chile.
The music culture of the colonial powers established itself from the beginning of the 16th century. Soldiers and sailors brought Iberian folk music, the aristocracy came with European art music, and the missionaries used Catholic church music as an effective means of Christianizing the indigenous people.
Instruments
The instruments of popular music culture and popular music illustrate the fusion of different traditions. String instruments are available in many varieties and sizes, and in several countries harp is a popular folk instrument. Flutes often reflect the background of the indigenous peoples, while marimba, drums and other percussion instruments largely have African roots.
Music Forms
A number of Latin American music genres have gained international popularity. Music has influenced popular music and jazz, and many of the genres have become part of the standard repertoire of corporate and sports dance.
Some of the best known forms of music are:
Cuba:
- rumba
- mambo
- cha-cha-cha
- bolero
Brazil
- samba
- bossa nova
- Baião
Argentina:
- tango
The Dominican Republic:
- merengue
Colombia:
- cumbia
Latin American music also includes salsa, which originated and evolved in the United States based on Cuban and Puerto Rican rhythms. In several Latin American countries listed on COUNTRYAAH, there are strong music traditions that are closely linked to national identity. Examples include mariachi music in Mexico, joropo in Venezuela and cueca in Chile. Joropo and Cueca have official status as national cultural expressions and mariachiors play at important national markings in Mexico.
Church music and art music
Manuscript collections at ecclesiastical music centers such as the cathedrals of Mexico City, Lima, Oaxaca, Cuzco and Sucre show that both indigenous and Africans acquired European church singing and helped develop a distinctive church music based on European models. In connection with the ecclesiastical festivities, popular traditions such as carnival, procession and procession also developed, where elements of indigenous music and Iberian forms of music merged into new forms, in many places also with contributions from African culture.
The emergence of a bourgeois public music scene in the 19th century, with the creation of opera scenes, conservatories and orchestras, led to the development of an art music based on European ideals. It was not until the 1900s that national tone languages were developed in art music that absorbed elements from various folk genres.
Central America
Central America has increasingly been hit by tropical storms in recent years, with enormous material destruction and huge loss of life. In October 2005, Hurricane Stan swept across Central America, creating major floods and camps in Guatemala, El Salvador and southern Mexico. Nearly 3,000 people lost their lives. In the photo, some of those affected are struggling to cross the Tapachula River in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. The image is taken from the paper lexicon Store Norwegian Lexicon, published 2005-2007.
In 2003, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua signed a Central American Free Trade Agreement – CAFTA – with the United States. In 2005, the free trade area was expanded with the island state of the Dominican Republic. Here are the leaders gathered at the Mar del Plata meeting on November 4, 2005. From left are Dominican President Leonel Fernández Reyna, Guatemalan President Oscar Berger, Nicaraguan President Enrique Bolanos Geyer, US President George W. Bush, Costa Rican President Abel Pacheco de la Espriella, El Salvador’s President Antonio Saca González and Honduras Vice President Alberto Diaz Lobo. The image is taken from the paper lexicon Store Norwegian Lexicon, published 2005-2007.
Brazil – South America
Brazil is a state in South America. The capital of the country is Brasília. Approx. 208 million Brazilians, Brazilians of other nationalities, live in Brazil. The official language is Portuguese. Brazil covers an area of around 9 million km² and is therefore somewhat larger than Australia. The highest mountain in Brazil is the Pico da Neblina with 3,014 meters.
Neighboring countries are Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana.
States in Brazil
State of Alagoas – Northeast
Alagoas is located in Brazil. Around 3.1 million people live in Alagoas on an area of around 28,000 km². The capital is Maceió.
State of Bahia – Northeast
Bahia is in Brazil. Around 14 million people live in Bahia on an area of around 567,000 km². The capital is Salvador da Bahia.
Federal District Distrito Federal – Midwest
Distrito Federal is located in Brazil. Around 2.3 million people live in the Federal District do Brasil on an area of around 5,790 km². The capital is Brasília.
State of Minas Gerais – southeast
Minas Gerais is located in Brazil. Around 19 million people live in Minas Gerais on an area of around 588,000 km². The capital is Belo Horizonte.
Paraíba State – Northeast
Paraíba is located in Brazil. About 3.6 million people live in Paraíba on an area of around 56,000 km². The capital is João Pessoa.
State of Paraná – south
Paraná is in Brazil. About 10 million people live in Paraná on an area of around 200,000 km². The capital is Curitiba.
State of Pernambuco – northeast
Pernambuco is located in Brazil. About 7.9 million people live in Pernambuco on an area of around 99,000 km². The capital is Recife.
State of Rio de Janeiro – southeast
Rio de Janeiro is located in Brazil. Around 15 million people live in Rio de Janeiro on an area of around 44,000 km². The capital is Rio de Janeiro.
State of Rio Grande do Sul – south
Rio Grande do Sul is located in Brazil. About 11 million people live in Rio Grande do Sul on an area of around 281,000 km². The capital is Porto Alegre.
State of Santa Catarina – South
Santa Catarina is located in Brazil. About 5.9 million people live in Santa Catarina on an area of around 95,000 km². The capital is Florianópolis.
State of São Paulo – southeast
São Paulo is in Brazil. About 41 million people live in São Paulo on an area of around 249,000 km². The capital is São Paulo.