After the restoration of Portugal (1640), the state of war with Holland ended; and the new king, John IV, signed an armistice, during which Nassau continued its work of enlightened administration, supplying Pernambuco with important architectural and hydraulic works; calling illustrious scientists from Europe to study the flora, fauna and minerals of that part of Brazil; expanding the conquest north to Maranhão and south to the Sergipe River.
But if, apparently, the Portuguese government recognized, in a certain sense, the Dutch dominion over Brazil, in secret, instead, it favored the revolt of the Brazilians against the invaders, and prepared, albeit unconsciously, the ideal causes of the future separation of Brazil. from Portugal. The Dutch officials, who succeeded Maurice of Nassau, from whom they had not inherited the precluded powers of government, soon alienated the souls of the natives, with too severe fiscal pressure, and thus contributed, indirectly, to the insurrection that was being prepared. since 1644, by the Vidal de Negreiros and the rich fazendeiro Giovanni Fernandes Vieira, and which broke out on 13 June 1645, opening a new period of struggles, which lasted nine years, with a series of glorious episodes for the Brazilian fighters (who had called themselves independentes), culminating in the two battles of Guarapes (19 April 1648 and February 19, 1649) and ended with the blockade and surrender of the Recife (1653-54). The definitive peace treaty with Holland was signed, however, only in 1661 in The Hague, when, on the Portuguese throne, John IV was succeeded by Alfonso VI. The Dutch had several advantages and trade privileges and a compensation of 5 million cruzados.. In the last nine years of war with the Dutch, the Brazilians, in their three ethnic representations, and under the audacious leaders mentioned above, did wonders of value, also animated by the Jesuits, including a Sicilian, Benedetto Amodei, was a deserving advisor to the leaders. Portuguese. What happened in the north of Brazil, more than a century and a half later, was to happen on the banks of the Plata: the metropolis, not being able to do it directly, incited the colonial subjects against the foreign invaders, without thinking that in this way they it revealed to themselves, capable of high military virtues, thoughtful, therefore, of independence. Justice wants it to be added here that Holland, engaged in the war with England, could not, after the return of Maurice of Nassau, maintain the conquest of Brazil with the necessary means of offense and defense,
According to WATCHTUTORIALS, throughout the second half of the seventeenth century, the various germs born of the social conflicts and wars mentioned above develop. The dissension between the settlers and the Jesuits is becoming more and more acute; the Paulistas go so far as to invade the Paraguayan missions; the municipal chambers are in perpetual contrast with the colleges of the company; in Maranhão, as we will see shortly thereafter, Bekman’s revolution expels those fathers, and at a certain point the intervention of Rome is necessary; the great apostle Antonio Vieira (1608-97) fails to reconcile the opposing interests. This situation of permanent conflict is less serious in the northern provinces, where a certain merger took place after the Dutch war. The common dangers, the glory earned on the battlefields by the Negro and Indian chiefs, on the side of the whites, they have determined a commonality of feelings and interests; as well as, due to the misfortunes suffered and the struggles sustained in common, the finitime captaincy has abandoned the spirit of narrow particularism, understanding the importance of a closer union and laying the foundations of the federation to come. Other conflicts, of an economic nature, derive from the foundation of the Companhia geral do Commercio, which was already due to the definitive liberation of the territory from the Dutch, but it is now also necessary to establish a severe monopoly and fiscal regime, modeled on the Spanish one with the system of a closer union and laying the foundations for the federation to come. Other conflicts, of an economic nature, derive from the foundation of the Companhia geral do Commercio, which was already due to the definitive liberation of the territory from the Dutch, but it is now also necessary to establish a severe monopoly and fiscal regime, modeled on the Spanish one with the system of a closer union and laying the foundations for the federation to come. Other conflicts, of an economic nature, derive from the foundation of the Companhia geral do Commercio, which was already due to the definitive liberation of the territory from the Dutch, but it is now also necessary to establish a severe monopoly and fiscal regime, modeled on the Spanish one with the system of flotas y galeones, being able to travel isolated only ships with at least 21 pieces of artillery. The company’s effects are immediate on Brazil’s domestic economy, causing the cost of consumer goods to rise, and provoking protests and complaints from the king, especially from Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. The company was abolished in 1663 and replaced by a Trade Council, charged with fixing the freight rates, arranging the voyages of the merchant fleets, fiscalizing Brazil wood.
