Despite the strange procedure, the constitution was welcomed by the whole country, as it fully responded to liberal principles. It granted freedom of religion, of the press and of speech, equality of all citizens before the law, representative institutions formed of two chambers, a responsible ministry, independent judiciary. The Chamber was elective, and renewable every four years; the life-long Senate, of imperial nomination. In case of dissent between the two Chambers, each of them could call the General Assembly of the two branches. But the fulcrum of the new constitution was in the so-called “moderating power”: that is, in the sovereign prerogatives, consisting in the suspensive veto on the laws, in the appointment of senators and ministers, in the faculty to dissolve Parliament and convene the general assembly, in the right of forgiveness and revision of judicial sentences, in the appointment of bishops, magistrates, ambassadors and presidents of the provinces, etc. Except that, in the exercise of such executive functions, the emperor acted on the advice of his ministers, whose signature was necessary for each act to be valid, and who were responsible to the representatives of the people. In the same year 1824, peace negotiations were started between Brazil and Portugal, with the mediation of England. After long and difficult negotiations, skillfully conducted by Stuart, an arrangement was reached: King John assumed emperor acted on the advice of his ministers, whose signature was necessary for every act to be valid, and who were accountable to the representatives of the people. In the same year 1824, peace negotiations were started between Brazil and Portugal, with the mediation of England. After long and difficult negotiations, skillfully conducted by Stuart, an arrangement was reached: King John assumed emperor acted on the advice of his ministers, whose signature was necessary for every act to be valid, and who were accountable to the representatives of the people. In the same year 1824, peace negotiations were started between Brazil and Portugal, with the mediation of England. After long and difficult negotiations, skillfully conducted by Stuart, an arrangement was reached: King John assumed pro forma the title of emperor of Brazil and at the same time gave it to his son, recognizing the independence of the former colony. For his part, Don Pedro accepted that the Brazilian government should assume a debt of 1,400,000 pounds, contracted by Portugal to England in 1823, and paid his father 600,000 pounds, the value of the palace and other private property left by Giovanni in the Brazil. The related treaty was signed in Rio de Janeiro on August 29, 1825.
According to FASHIONISSUPREME, the emperor finally organized a parliamentary ministry with the deputy Arauio Lima (Marquis of Olinda); but with the exemption given to the Minister of War, on the occasion of the revolt of the foreign battalions, which was immediately severely repressed, the ministry resigned en masse. Two of the most influential members of the chamber, Costa Carvalho and Vasconcellos, refused the position of the new cabinet, a mission that was finally entrusted to the deputy Clemente Pereira, immediately abandoned by the liberals. This ministry and the next one in Paranaguá (December 4, 1829) met with strong opposition in the Chamber and in the press. Federalist and republican newspapers multiplied, and many candidates of these two parties triumphed in the elections of 1830. Ministers and senators who showed themselves devoted to the emperor were silently silenced. other of absolutism. On March 19, 1831, Don Pedro, whose main fault was being born Portuguese, and who already no longer had the popularity of the past, tried to govern with a liberal ministry (F. Carneiro de Campos); the grudges between Brazilians and Portuguese were still too much alive for harmony to be re-established; and when the latter held imperialist demonstrations, they could not avoid bloody conflicts in the streets “.
Having thus succeeded in the liberal experiment, the emperor formed a new cabinet made up of distinctly conservative personalities, and notoriously loyal to his will. The Marquis of Paranaguá, the Count of Lage, the Marquis of Baependy, the Marquis of Inhambupe, the Viscount of Alcantara, the Marquis of Aracaty. The people received the new ministry very badly and were agitated. The most heated demagogues excited him to open revolution. A deputation was sent to the emperor to ask him to recall the old liberal ministry, but the emperor replied: Tudo farei para o povo ; nada, porém, pelo povo (ie: “all in favor of the people; but nothing through the people”). Allara broke out the revolt, and the military element joined it, personified in the three brothers Lima and Silva, generals who enjoyed wide popularity. The sovereign did not even try to resist, nobly protesting that he did not want anyone to sacrifice himself for his cause; and on 7 April 1831, without even consulting his ministers, he signed the act of abdication in favor of his five-year-old son Pietro d’Alcantara, assigning him as tutor Giuseppe Bonifacio, recalled from exile. Soon after he set sail for Europe on the English ship Warspite.
